Az állami támogatások holisztikus szerepe a digitális átállásban: Az Európai Unió szakpolitikai kerete és finanszírozási mechanizmusai

This article analyses the complex process of the digital transition in the European Union, with a special focus on the crucial role of state aid. It presents the evolution of the EU’s digital strategy, from the initial Digital Agenda to the current, ambitious Digital Decade 2030 program. The paper discusses in detail the layers of the digital divide and the policy responses addressing them. It explores the various forms of direct financial support (e.g. Digital Europe Programme) and indirect regulatory aid (e.g. DMA, DSA), as well as the funding allocation mechanisms, including the role of cohesion funds and national operational programs. The analysis covers the impact of state aid on economic actors, SMEs, key industries and the domains of e-governance and cybersecurity. Finally, it summarises the main challenges, such as measuring effectiveness and tackling regional disparities, emphasising that a successful digital transition is a collective European project.

Keywords: digital transition, state aid, European Union, cybersecurity, Digital Europe Programme